2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011

Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 49 Vul: None Dealer N WEST NORTH   K 8   K 8 3   3 2   A T 8 7 4 3 EAST   A Q 9 7 3   A Q   A J 7 4   K Q SOUTH   J 6 5 4   J 9 5 4   Q T 8 6   2   T 2   T 7 6 2   K 9 5   J 9 6 5 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  -- 1 Pass 1 Dbl Rdbl*1 1 Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass         *1 3 hearts Lead: 6 6 K A 2 9 Q T 6 T A 8 4 2 3 K 6 5 4 3 Q 9 A 2 8 K 7 3 T Result: NS +50 Imps: 10	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 49 Vul: None Dealer N WEST NORTH   K 8   K 8 3   3 2   A T 8 7 4 3 EAST   A Q 9 7 3   A Q   A J 7 4   K Q SOUTH   J 6 5 4   J 9 5 4   Q T 8 6   2   T 2   T 7 6 2   K 9 5   J 9 6 5 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  -- 2 *1 Pass 2NT*2 Dbl 3 Pass Pass Dbl Pass 3 Pass 3 Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass     *1 alerted   *2 alerted Lead: 3 5 4 3 6 2 Q K 4 9 J 2 8 T 3 8 J K A 4 T 5 7 3 Q 6 K A 2 9 Q 7 5 2 Q K 4 Result: NS -420 Imps: -10
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 50 Vul:  NS Dealer E WEST NORTH   J 7 4 2   A Q 9 7 3   9   K Q 3 EAST   A 9 6   T 8 4 2   A 8   A T 9 5 SOUTH   K 8 5   K 6   K Q J T 4 2   7 4   Q T 3   J 5   7 6 5 3   J 8 6 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  --  -- 1 Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass       Lead: 3 J 2 3 6 5 4 A K 2 5 K 4 6 A Q 7 7 A 9 2 3 8 7 K 5 T 9 Q 6 T 7 J 8 9   T Result: NS -430 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 50 Vul:  NS Dealer E WEST NORTH   J 7 4 2   A Q 9 7 3   9   K Q 3 EAST   A 9 6   T 8 4 2   A 8   A T 9 5 SOUTH   K 8 5   K 6   K Q J T 4 2   7 4   Q T 3   J 5   7 6 5 3   J 8 6 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  --  -- 2 *1 Pass 2 *2 Dbl Pass Pass Rdbl Pass 2NT*3 Pass 3 *4 Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass     *1 alerted   *2 alerted   *3 alerted   *4 alerted Lead: J J 2 3 K 3 A 9 2 Result: NS -430 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 51 Vul:  EW Dealer S WEST NORTH   Q 9 5 3   A K Q J 5   6 5   Q 5 EAST   K 8 6 4   T 8   Q T 9 8 3   K J SOUTH   A J   9 7 4 3 2   2   T 9 7 3 2   T 7 2   6   A K J 7 4   A 8 6 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman 1 Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass     Lead: 3 4 K 5 3 6 J Q 7 6 8 K 4 2 T Q 3 4 3 A 2 7 8 J 7 J Q 6 2 A T 5 2 Result: NS -50 Imps: 2	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 51 Vul:  EW Dealer S WEST NORTH   Q 9 5 3   A K Q J 5   6 5   Q 5 EAST   K 8 6 4   T 8   Q T 9 8 3   K J SOUTH   A J   9 7 4 3 2   2   T 9 7 3 2   T 7 2   6   A K J 7 4   A 8 6 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni 1 Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass 2NT Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass     Lead: T 6 T A 4 4 8 K 3 2 4 Q 2 7 3 J 9 J Q 5 2 T 6 3 J 6 8 5 A A J 5 T A 8 6 2 K 9 5 3 Result: NS -100 Imps: -2
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 52 Vul: All Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 5 4   6 5   A J T 9 5   T 6 5 EAST   J 8 7   A K 9   7 6   A K Q 9 2 SOUTH   A T 9 6 2   7 3   K Q 8 3 2   J   Q 3   Q J T 8 4 2   4   8 7 4 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  -- 1 1 1 Pass 2 Pass 2NT Pass 3 Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: 4 4 6 A 2 3 7 J K 8 A 6 3 Q J 4 A 2 7 K T Result: NS -620 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 52 Vul: All Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 5 4   6 5   A J T 9 5   T 6 5 EAST   J 8 7   A K 9   7 6   A K Q 9 2 SOUTH   A T 9 6 2   7 3   K Q 8 3 2   J   Q 3   Q J T 8 4 2   4   8 7 4 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  -- 1 1 1 *1 Dbl*2 1 Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass     *1 !S   *2 !H Lead: 6 T A 6 3 3 7 4 A 3 2 5 J Q 8 5 2 Result: NS -620 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 53 Vul:  NS Dealer N WEST NORTH   A Q 8   9 6 5 2   K 8 3   A K 7 EAST   K 9 5 3   A 4   Q 2   Q T 6 4 3 SOUTH   7 6   K Q   A T 7 6 5 4   9 8 5   J T 4 2   J T 8 7 3   J 9   J 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  -- 1NT Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass Pass Dbl Pass 3 Pass Pass 3 Pass Pass Pass     Lead: 8 J Q A 8 3 4 2 Q 2 3 K 9 7 A 5 K 9 2 K A J Q 3 4 T 3 8 6 Result: NS +140 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 53 Vul:  NS Dealer N WEST NORTH   A Q 8   9 6 5 2   K 8 3   A K 7 EAST   K 9 5 3   A 4   Q 2   Q T 6 4 3 SOUTH   7 6   K Q   A T 7 6 5 4   9 8 5   J T 4 2   J T 8 7 3   J 9   J 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  -- 1NT*1 Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass Pass Dbl Pass 3 3 Pass Pass Pass   *1 14-16 Lead: 9 J Q A 9 3 4 2 Q 2 9 Q 7 7 A 5 K Result: NS +140 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 54 Vul:  EW Dealer E WEST NORTH   Q 5   Q 9 7   T 9 8 3   9 5 3 2 EAST   K T   A J T 5 2   K J 4   A T 8 SOUTH   A 7 6 4   K 3   A Q 7 6   K J 7   J 9 8 3 2   8 6 4   5 2   Q 6 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  --  -- 1NT Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass 5NT Pass 6NT Pass Pass Pass   Lead: 2 2 T Q A 4 2 7 K 6 J 9 3 Result: NS -1440 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 54 Vul:  EW Dealer E WEST NORTH   Q 5   Q 9 7   T 9 8 3   9 5 3 2 EAST   K T   A J T 5 2   K J 4   A T 8 SOUTH   A 7 6 4   K 3   A Q 7 6   K J 7   J 9 8 3 2   8 6 4   5 2   Q 6 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  --  -- 1 *1 Pass 2NT*2 Pass 3 *3 Pass 4 *4 Pass 6NT Pass Pass Pass     *1 alerted   *2 alerted   *3 alerted   *4 alerted Lead: T 2 J T 6 4 2 7 K 6 T Q 3 Result: NS -1440 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 55 Vul: All Dealer S WEST NORTH   K J 2   9   A J 9 6 4   J 8 5 4 EAST   A Q T 7 6   J 8 6 5 4   2   Q 3 SOUTH   8 5   Q T 7 3   8 5 3   A T 9 7   9 4 3   A K 2   K Q T 7   K 6 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman 1NT 2 3 4 Dbl Pass Pass Pass Lead: A A 4 9 3 K 5 8 7 7 2 A 3 K 3 4 7 2 6 4 T 3 Q K 8 2 Q 5 9 4 A 2 5 9 6 J Q Result: NS +500 Imps: -3	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 55 Vul: All Dealer S WEST NORTH   K J 2   9   A J 9 6 4   J 8 5 4 EAST   A Q T 7 6   J 8 6 5 4   2   Q 3 SOUTH   8 5   Q T 7 3   8 5 3   A T 9 7   9 4 3   A K 2   K Q T 7   K 6 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni 1NT*1 2 *2 Dbl*3 3 *4 3NT Pass Pass Pass   *1 14-16   *2 majors   *3 cards   *4 preempt Lead: 4 A 4 9 Q 4 6 J 5 K 2 4 3 3 A 2 8 2 5 4 T K 6 5 7 T 7 6 5 Q T A 8     J   Result: NS +600 Imps: 3
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 56 Vul: None Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 9   T 9   A K 6 4   J 8 7 6 5 EAST   Q J 8 7 5 4   Q 7 5 4 3   9   4 SOUTH   T 6 3   A   J 7 5 2   A K Q T 9   A 2   K J 8 6 2   Q T 8 3   3 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  -- 2 Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: A 3 9 A 2 8 5 K 5 2 4 T A 2 4 5 A 3 3 6 K T 4 6 7 6 5 9 3 A Q 7 Q 2 7 K 6 8   9 T Result: NS +50 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 56 Vul: None Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 9   T 9   A K 6 4   J 8 7 6 5 EAST   Q J 8 7 5 4   Q 7 5 4 3   9   4 SOUTH   T 6 3   A   J 7 5 2   A K Q T 9   A 2   K J 8 6 2   Q T 8 3   3 2 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  -- Pass 1 2 2 *1 2 Pass 3 *2 Pass*3 4 Pass Pass Pass         *1 !H   *2 alerted   *3 ok to lead !H Lead: A 8 9 A 2 3 4 K 5 2 4 5 A 3 3 6 K A 4 7 Q 2 5 K 3 2 8 9 T T 7 4 7   5     Result: NS +50 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 57 Vul:  EW Dealer N WEST NORTH   K 8 4   K 9   K Q 8 7   Q J 9 4 EAST   T 9 6 2   T 4   J 9 6 4   T 6 2 SOUTH   7   J 8 7 6 5 3   A 2   A 8 5 3   A Q J 5 3   A Q 2   T 5 3   K 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  -- 1 1 Dbl*1 Pass 1 *2 Pass 2 Pass 2NT Pass 4 Pass Pass Pass   *1 4 or 5 spades   *2 3 spades Lead: A 3 4 7 A A 4 9 3 3 2 K 7 A 6 8 5 Q 9 4 6 J T 4 3 2 T K 7 5 6 Q 2     K   Result: NS +450 Imps: -0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 57 Vul:  EW Dealer N WEST NORTH   K 8 4   K 9   K Q 8 7   Q J 9 4 EAST   T 9 6 2   T 4   J 9 6 4   T 6 2 SOUTH   7   J 8 7 6 5 3   A 2   A 8 5 3   A Q J 5 3   A Q 2   T 5 3   K 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  -- 1NT*1 Pass 2 *2 Pass 2 Pass 4NT Pass Pass Pass   *1 14-16   *2 tx Lead: 8 2 T K 8 K 6 4 3 7 2 Q 5 Q 2 4 7 3 4 K A Q 4 9 5 Result: NS +460 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 58 Vul: All Dealer E WEST NORTH   A 8 2   T 8 5   J   A K Q J 3 2 EAST   K T 6   K Q 9   A 5   9 8 6 5 4 SOUTH   Q 9 7 3   7 3 2   K T 8 6 3 2     J 5 4   A J 6 4   Q 9 7 4   T 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  --  -- Pass Pass 1 Pass 1 Pass 1NT Pass 2 Pass Pass 3 Pass Pass Pass     Lead: 3 4 T 2 3 5 K 8 7 7 6 K 6 4 A J 2 J 6 A 9 T 4 2 3 7 5 3 8 4 5 A 2 9 8 Q Q Result: NS +110 Imps: 5	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 58 Vul: All Dealer E WEST NORTH   A 8 2   T 8 5   J   A K Q J 3 2 EAST   K T 6   K Q 9   A 5   9 8 6 5 4 SOUTH   Q 9 7 3   7 3 2   K T 8 6 3 2     J 5 4   A J 6 4   Q 9 7 4   T 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  --  -- Pass Pass 1NT*1 Dbl 2 *2 Dbl 2 3 3 Dbl Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass       *1 12-14   *2 !D Lead: 2 4 A J 2 7 4 3 6 T 9 J 3 4 5 A 3 7 6 K 8 4 8 Q 7 9 6 2 T 6 Q T 2 Q 5 2 K       3 Result: NS -100 Imps: -5
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 59 Vul: None Dealer S WEST NORTH   K J 9 4   A 7 6 4   9   Q T 8 3 EAST   A 6   K 9 8 2   K 8   K J 9 5 2 SOUTH   T 8 7 5 2   Q 5   Q 7 2   A 6 4   Q 3   J T 3   A J T 6 5 4 3   7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman 3 Pass Pass Pass Lead: K 7 K 3 4 Q 6 4 8 3 A 9 7 3 2 A 5 T 8 J T J 8 4 Q 6 K K 5 3 2 8 A Result: NS -100 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 59 Vul: None Dealer S WEST NORTH   K J 9 4   A 7 6 4   9   Q T 8 3 EAST   A 6   K 9 8 2   K 8   K J 9 5 2 SOUTH   T 8 7 5 2   Q 5   Q 7 2   A 6 4   Q 3   J T 3   A J T 6 5 4 3   7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni 3 Pass Pass Pass Lead: A 3 A 4 8 3 2 4 Q T K A 5 Q 6 K 5 7 8 J 2 J 9 6 2 J K 9 T 3 2 3 A A       Result: NS -100 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 60 Vul:  NS Dealer W WEST NORTH   A K 9 5 4   J 4 3   Q J 5 3   J EAST   T 7 3   9 5   A K T 7 2   K 6 4 SOUTH   J 8 6   K Q T 8 6 2     Q T 8 2   Q 2   A 7   9 8 6 4   A 9 7 5 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  -- Pass 1 3 Dbl 4 Dbl Pass Pass 4 Pass Pass Dbl Pass Pass Pass Lead: Q Q 3 K 6 A 4 J 2 5 6 3 8 2 7 A 8 7 T 4 J 9 K 4 T     5 Q Result: NS +800 Imps: 14	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 60 Vul:  NS Dealer W WEST NORTH   A K 9 5 4   J 4 3   Q J 5 3   J EAST   T 7 3   9 5   A K T 7 2   K 6 4 SOUTH   J 8 6   K Q T 8 6 2     Q T 8 2   Q 2   A 7   9 8 6 4   A 9 7 5 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  -- Pass 1 2 Dbl Rdbl 3 Pass Pass Pass     Lead: K A 5 3 K Q 3 4 8 2 7 A 6 7 T K J 6 9 4 6 4 2 Q 2 9 T J Q 8 A 3 8 A K J 2 3 4 5 8 Result: NS -100 Imps: -14
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 61 Vul: All Dealer N WEST NORTH   T 9 8 7   J T 6 4   A J 2   Q 2 EAST   K Q J 3 2   A Q   Q 9 7 3   7 6 SOUTH   A 5   K 9 7     A K J T 9 8 5 4   6 4   8 5 3 2   K T 8 6 5 4   3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  -- Pass 1 Pass 1 Pass 3 Pass 4NT Pass 7 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: 3 3 Q 4 7 3 6 2 A       K Result: NS -2140 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 61 Vul: All Dealer N WEST NORTH   T 9 8 7   J T 6 4   A J 2   Q 2 EAST   K Q J 3 2   A Q   Q 9 7 3   7 6 SOUTH   A 5   K 9 7     A K J T 9 8 5 4   6 4   8 5 3 2   K T 8 6 5 4   3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  -- Pass 1 1 1 *1 2 3 Pass 3 Pass 5 Pass 5 Pass 5NT Pass 7 Pass Pass Pass         *1 !S Lead: 4 4 9 A 4 3     A Result: NS -2140 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 62 Vul: None Dealer E WEST NORTH   T 7 6   A K 7 4   J T 3   8 3 2 EAST   Q   Q J T 8   K 9   K J T 6 5 4 SOUTH   A K J 9 4 3   9 6 5   8 5   Q 9   8 5 2   3 2   A Q 7 6 4 2   A 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  --  --  -- 2 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: 3 3 J K 9 A 9 J 8 2 Q A 5 2 8 7 6 2 K 3 5 5 Q 6 3 A 4 2 Q Q 5 T 4       A Result: NS -110 Imps: -2	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 62 Vul: None Dealer E WEST NORTH   T 7 6   A K 7 4   J T 3   8 3 2 EAST   Q   Q J T 8   K 9   K J T 6 5 4 SOUTH   A K J 9 4 3   9 6 5   8 5   Q 9   8 5 2   3 2   A Q 7 6 4 2   A 7 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  --  --  -- 2 3 Pass Pass Pass Lead: Q 3 Q A 6 2 K J 5 2 Q 6 K 5 4 7 A 8 5 T J A 6 2 9 4 9 T 8 A J 3 9 Q T 4 3 7 K 7   Result: NS -50 Imps: 2
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 63 Vul:  NS Dealer S WEST NORTH   K Q 7   J 7   J T 7   A T 7 5 2 EAST   T 5   K T 6 3   K 8 5 3 2   6 3 SOUTH   A J 9 8 4 2   A 9   A 9 6   9 8   6 3   Q 8 5 4 2   Q 4   K Q J 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman Pass Pass Pass 1 Pass 1NT Pass 2 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: K K 3 2 8 6 5 Q A 3 T K 2 J 6 7 9 4 2 A 4 Q 5 7 J 4 3 5 9 2 3 7 A 5 K J 9 8 6 T 8 4 K 7 6 Q 8 T A Result: NS -140 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 63 Vul:  NS Dealer S WEST NORTH   K Q 7   J 7   J T 7   A T 7 5 2 EAST   T 5   K T 6 3   K 8 5 3 2   6 3 SOUTH   A J 9 8 4 2   A 9   A 9 6   9 8   6 3   Q 8 5 4 2   Q 4   K Q J 4 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni Pass Pass 1 1 Dbl Pass 1NT 2 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: K K 3 2 8 3 5 Q A 6 T K 2 Q 6 7 9 J 2 5 4 2 3 7 J 4 3 A 9 4 6 7 A 5 K J 9   T     Result: NS -140 Imps: 0
Open Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 64 Vul:  EW Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 4   8 5   J 9 7 5   K Q J 6 5 EAST   A J T 8 3   7 3   A 4   A 9 4 2 SOUTH   9 6 5   A K Q 9 6 2   K Q 6 2     Q 7 2   J T 4   T 8 3   T 8 7 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Helgemo Zia Helness Hamman  -- 1 Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass 4 Pass 4 Pass 4 Pass 4NT Pass 5 Pass 6 Pass Pass Pass       Lead: Q 7 2 Q 5 2 3 4 6 Result: NS -1430 Imps: 0	Closed Room - 2011 Spingold Final - 30-Jul-2011 Board 64 Vul:  EW Dealer W WEST NORTH   K 4   8 5   J 9 7 5   K Q J 6 5 EAST   A J T 8 3   7 3   A 4   A 9 4 2 SOUTH   9 6 5   A K Q 9 6 2   K Q 6 2     Q 7 2   J T 4   T 8 3   T 8 7 3 SOUTH WEST NORTH EAST Meckstroth Nunes Rodwell Fantoni  -- 1NT Pass 2 Pass 2 Pass 3 Pass 4 Dbl Rdbl Pass 4 Pass 4 Pass 4 Pass 6 Pass Pass Pass   Lead: 7 7 2 J 2 4 3 5 A T 7 8 K J 3 6 Q 2 J K 5 3 A Q 6 7 A 4 9   8     Result: NS -1430 Imps: 0