VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 61
Vul: All
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  Q J 7 6 2
H  8
D  9 5 3
C  K 8 4 3




EAST
S  K 9 5 4
H  K Q T 9 4 3
D  Q 8
C  T



SOUTH
S  A 3
H  A J 6 2
D  A 7 4 2
C  A J 6
S  T 8
H  7 5
D  K J T 6
C  Q 9 7 5 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --Pass1D
Pass1H Pass4H
Pass4NTPass5C
Pass5NTPass6H
PassPassPass 

Lead: SQ
STS4SQSA
H7HKH8H2
H5H3S6HA
S8SKS2S3
DKDQD3D2

Result: NS -1430
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 61
Vul: All
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  Q J 7 6 2
H  8
D  9 5 3
C  K 8 4 3




EAST
S  K 9 5 4
H  K Q T 9 4 3
D  Q 8
C  T



SOUTH
S  A 3
H  A J 6 2
D  A 7 4 2
C  A J 6
S  T 8
H  7 5
D  K J T 6
C  Q 9 7 5 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --Pass1C *1
Pass1H Pass1NT
Pass2S *2Pass3H
Pass3S Pass4C *3
Pass4D *4Pass4NT*5
Pass5C Pass5D *6
Pass6D *7Pass6H
PassPassPass 
  *1 Strong
  *2 4s+5+H
  *3 cue
  *4 ?
  *5 KCB
  *6 Q ask
  *7 one KC + QH

Lead: C8
C2CTC8CA
H5HTH8H2

Result: NS -1430
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 62
Vul: None
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  J T 2
H  A J 6
D  A K T 8
C  A K 9




EAST
S  A K 9 7 5
H  K Q 4
D  J 3 2
C  5 4



SOUTH
S  4
H  8 7 5 2
D  Q 6 4
C  Q 8 7 3 2
S  Q 8 6 3
H  T 9 3
D  9 7 5
C  J T 6

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --  --Pass
Pass1S DblPass
2C Pass2S Pass
2NTPass3NTPass
PassPass  

Lead: S5
S6S5S2S4
CJC4C9CQ
H9HQHAH8
D5D3DAD4
D7D2DKD6
D9DJD8DQ
H3HKH6H2

Result: NS -50
Imps: -10

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 62
Vul: None
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  J T 2
H  A J 6
D  A K T 8
C  A K 9




EAST
S  A K 9 7 5
H  K Q 4
D  J 3 2
C  5 4



SOUTH
S  4
H  8 7 5 2
D  Q 6 4
C  Q 8 7 3 2
S  Q 8 6 3
H  T 9 3
D  9 7 5
C  J T 6

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --  --Pass
Pass1S DblPass
2C Pass2S Pass
2NTPass3NTPass
PassPass  

Lead: HQ
H3HQHAH8
D5D2DAD6
D7D3DKD4
D9DJD8DQ
HTHKHJH2
H9H4H6H7
CJC4CAC3
C6C5CKC2
CTS5DTC8
S3SKSJS4
S8S7S2C7
S6      

Result: NS +400
Imps: 10

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 63
Vul:  NS
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 7
H  Q 6 3 2
D  K T 6 4 2
C  7




EAST
S  A K Q 4 3 2
H  A 9 7
D  8 5
C  K 5



SOUTH
S  8 6
H  J 8 4
D  A 3
C  J T 9 6 3 2
S  J 5
H  K T 5
D  Q J 9 7
C  A Q 8 4

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
1D 1S 3D Pass
Pass3S PassPass
Pass   

Lead: C7
CAC5C7CJ
C4CKS7C2
D9D5D4DA
S5SQS9S6
SJSASTS8
D7SKD2C3
C8S4D6C6
DQS3H2C9
DJS2DTCT
H5D8DKD3
HTHAH3H4

Result: NS +50
Imps: 4

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 63
Vul:  NS
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 7
H  Q 6 3 2
D  K T 6 4 2
C  7




EAST
S  A K Q 4 3 2
H  A 9 7
D  8 5
C  K 5



SOUTH
S  8 6
H  J 8 4
D  A 3
C  J T 9 6 3 2
S  J 5
H  K T 5
D  Q J 9 7
C  A Q 8 4

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
1C Dbl1D Pass
2D 2S PassPass
Pass   

Lead: C7
CAC5C7C3
C4CKS7C2
D7D5D2DA
CQD8D6CJ
DQS4D4D3
S5SAS9S6
SJSKSTS8
  SQ    

Result: NS -110
Imps: -4

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 64
Vul:  EW
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  9 3 2
H  5
D  7 5 3 2
C  J T 6 4 3




EAST
S  A T 7
H  K T 6 4 2
D  K 9
C  Q 9 5



SOUTH
S  K 8 6 4
H  Q J 9 8 3
D  Q T
C  8 7
S  Q J 5
H  A 7
D  A J 8 6 4
C  A K 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --1H Pass4H
DblPassPassPass

Lead: CJ
CKC9CJC7
DAD9D7DT
CAC5C4C8
D6DKD2DQ
HAH2H5HQ
H7H4C3H8
S5S7S2SK

Result: NS +500
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 64
Vul:  EW
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  9 3 2
H  5
D  7 5 3 2
C  J T 6 4 3




EAST
S  A T 7
H  K T 6 4 2
D  K 9
C  Q 9 5



SOUTH
S  K 8 6 4
H  Q J 9 8 3
D  Q T
C  8 7
S  Q J 5
H  A 7
D  A J 8 6 4
C  A K 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --1H Pass4H
DblPassPassPass

Lead: C3
CKC5C3C7
CAC9CJC8
DAD9D2DT
D6DKD3DQ
C2CQC4S4
HAH4H5HQ
H7H2C6H8

Result: NS +500
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 65
Vul: None
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  8 6 5
H  A
D  J 3 2
C  A K 8 6 4 2




EAST
S  A 2
H  K 9 8 7 5 3 2
D  T 8 7 6
C 



SOUTH
S  Q T 9 4 3
H  J
D  K Q 5
C  J T 9 7
S  K J 7
H  Q T 6 4
D  A 9 4
C  Q 5 3

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --1C 1S
Dbl2D *13C Pass
3NTPassPassPass
  *1 tr?

Lead: SA
S7SAS5S4
D4DTDJDQ
H4H5HAHJ
CQH3C2CJ
C3H2C4CT
DAD6D2DK
D9D7D3D5
C5H7CAC7
H6D8CKC9
HTH8C8S3
HQH9C6S9

Result: NS +430
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 65
Vul: None
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  8 6 5
H  A
D  J 3 2
C  A K 8 6 4 2




EAST
S  A 2
H  K 9 8 7 5 3 2
D  T 8 7 6
C 



SOUTH
S  Q T 9 4 3
H  J
D  K Q 5
C  J T 9 7
S  K J 7
H  Q T 6 4
D  A 9 4
C  Q 5 3

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --1C 1S
Dbl2D *13C Pass
3NTPassPassPass
  *1 Transfer to H

Lead: SA
S7SAS5S3
DADTDJDQ
CQH3C2C7
C5H2C4C9
D4D6D2DK
D9D7D3D5

Result: NS +430
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 66
Vul:  NS
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  Q J 6
H  Q
D  K 7 6 3
C  Q 8 7 4 3




EAST
S  K T 5 4 3 2
H  J
D  A T 4 2
C  9 5



SOUTH
S  7
H  A K 9 7 5 4
D  J 9 8 5
C  T 6
S  A 9 8
H  T 8 6 3 2
D  Q
C  A K J 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --  --2D *1
2H PassPassPass
  *1 wk 2 or str bal

Lead: HJ
H2HJHQHK
S9SKS6S7
S8STSJH4
DQDAD3D9
SAS5SQH5
C2D2DKDJ
H3D4D6D5
CKC5C3C6
CJC9CQCT
H6DTD7D8
CAS2C4H7
      HA

Result: NS -200
Imps: -6

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 66
Vul:  NS
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  Q J 6
H  Q
D  K 7 6 3
C  Q 8 7 4 3




EAST
S  K T 5 4 3 2
H  J
D  A T 4 2
C  9 5



SOUTH
S  7
H  A K 9 7 5 4
D  J 9 8 5
C  T 6
S  A 9 8
H  T 8 6 3 2
D  Q
C  A K J 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --  --2H
PassPassPass 

Lead: CA
CAC5C3C6
H3HJHQHA
H2S2C8HK
SAS3S6S7
CKC9C4CT
C2S4CQH4
DQDAD3DJ
S9SKSJD5
S8S5SQH5
H6D2D6D8
CJD4C7H7

Result: NS +50
Imps: 6

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 67
Vul:  EW
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  A 9 3
H  A J 7 6 3
D  6 5
C  J 9 3




EAST
S  J 7 6
H  Q 8 5 4
D  J 8
C  K 7 5 4



SOUTH
S  K Q 2
H  9 2
D  A K T 2
C  T 8 6 2
S  T 8 5 4
H  K T
D  Q 9 7 4 3
C  A Q

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
1H Pass2D Pass
2H Pass3C Pass
3NTPassPassPass

Lead: S7
  S7    

Result: NS -150
Imps: -6

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 67
Vul:  EW
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  A 9 3
H  A J 7 6 3
D  6 5
C  J 9 3




EAST
S  J 7 6
H  Q 8 5 4
D  J 8
C  K 7 5 4



SOUTH
S  K Q 2
H  9 2
D  A K T 2
C  T 8 6 2
S  T 8 5 4
H  K T
D  Q 9 7 4 3
C  A Q

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
1D Pass1H Pass
1S Pass1NTPass
PassPass  

Lead: C2
C9C2CQCK
C3C6CAC4
H3H2HKH5
HJH9HTH4
HAD2D3H8
H6DTS4HQ
S9SQS5S6
SASKS8S7
H7S2D4D8

Result: NS +110
Imps: 6

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 68
Vul: All
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  K 3 2
H  A J T 8 2
D  Q 3 2
C  7 5




EAST
S  A 6 5
H  7
D  A J 9 4
C  T 9 4 3 2



SOUTH
S  T 8
H  K 9 6 5 4 3
D  T 6
C  Q 8 6
S  Q J 9 7 4
H  Q
D  K 8 7 5
C  A K J

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --PassPassPass
1S Pass2C *1Pass
4S PassPassPass
  *1 drury

Lead: H7
HQH7HAH4
DKDAD2D6
D5D4DQDT
D7D9D3ST
S7C2H2H3
S9S5S2S8
D8DJS3H6
CJC3C7C6

Result: NS +620
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 68
Vul: All
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  K 3 2
H  A J T 8 2
D  Q 3 2
C  7 5




EAST
S  A 6 5
H  7
D  A J 9 4
C  T 9 4 3 2



SOUTH
S  T 8
H  K 9 6 5 4 3
D  T 6
C  Q 8 6
S  Q J 9 7 4
H  Q
D  K 8 7 5
C  A K J

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --PassPassPass
1S Pass2C *1Pass
4S PassPassPass
  *1 ?

Lead: H7
HQH7HAH6
S4S5HJHK
S7SAS2S8
SJS6SKST
CJC2C5C8

Result: NS +620
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 69
Vul:  NS
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  A 8 6
H  Q J 9
D  8 6 4
C  K J 8 6




EAST
S  9 7 4
H  A K 5 3
D  K 3
C  Q T 7 4



SOUTH
S  Q T 3 2
H  T 6 4
D  J 7 5 2
C  5 3
S  K J 5
H  8 7 2
D  A Q T 9
C  A 9 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --PassPass
1D DblRdbl1S
PassPass1NTPass
PassPass  

Lead: S2
S5S9SAS2
CAC4C6C3
C2C7CJC5
D9DKD4D2
H2H3HQH4
DTD3D6D5
DAH5D8D7
DQS7S6DJ
C9CTCKHT
SKS4S8S3

Result: NS +150
Imps: -10

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 69
Vul:  NS
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  A 8 6
H  Q J 9
D  8 6 4
C  K J 8 6




EAST
S  9 7 4
H  A K 5 3
D  K 3
C  Q T 7 4



SOUTH
S  Q T 3 2
H  T 6 4
D  J 7 5 2
C  5 3
S  K J 5
H  8 7 2
D  A Q T 9
C  A 9 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --PassPass
1D DblRdbl1S
1NTPass3NTPass
PassPass  

Lead: C4
C2C4C6C5
DTDKD4D2
H2H5HJH6
D9D3D6D5
CAC7C8C3
C9CTCKD7
DQS4D8DJ
DAH3CJS3
S5S9SAS2
SKS7S6ST

Result: NS +600
Imps: 10

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 70
Vul:  EW
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  9 6
H  A 8 6 3
D  T 8 6 5
C  K 4 3




EAST
S  K 4 2
H  K T 9 7 5 4
D  7
C  T 7 2



SOUTH
S  A J 7 5
H  J 2
D  K Q J 4 3
C  9 5
S  Q T 8 3
H  Q
D  A 9 2
C  A Q J 8 6

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --  --1D
2C Pass3C Pass
Pass3H PassPass
3S Pass3NTPass
PassDblPassPass
4C PassPassPass

Lead: D7
DAD7D5DJ
HQHKHAH2
S3SKS9S5
C6H4H3HJ
D9S4D6DQ
D2S2D8DK
CJH5DTD3
CAC2C3C5
C8CTCKC9
S8H7S6SA
STC7H6D4

Result: NS -100
Imps: -2

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 70
Vul:  EW
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  9 6
H  A 8 6 3
D  T 8 6 5
C  K 4 3




EAST
S  K 4 2
H  K T 9 7 5 4
D  7
C  T 7 2



SOUTH
S  A J 7 5
H  J 2
D  K Q J 4 3
C  9 5
S  Q T 8 3
H  Q
D  A 9 2
C  A Q J 8 6

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --  --1D
Pass1H Pass1S
Pass2H PassPass
DblPass2NTPass
3C PassPassPass

Lead: D7
DAD7D8DJ
S3S2S9SJ
D2H7D5DK
D9S4D6DQ
CJH4DTD3
S8SKS6S5
CAC2C3C9
HQHKHAH2
C6H5H3HJ
ST      

Result: NS -50
Imps: 2

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 71
Vul: All
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  A K 6 2
H  A J 6
D  T 7
C  A Q J 7




EAST
S  9 7 3
H  8 2
D  9 8 6 5 3
C  K 5 4



SOUTH
S  8 4
H  K 9 7 5 4 3
D  4 2
C  8 6 2
S  Q J T 5
H  Q T
D  A K Q J
C  T 9 3

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
1NTPass2C Pass
2S Pass4D *1Pass
4H *2Pass4NT*3Pass
5D *4Pass5NTPass
6S PassPassPass
  *1 RKC?
  *2 1 KC
  *3 Q ask
  *4 Q+DK

Lead: S3
SQS3S2S8
S5S7SAS4
SJS9S6H3
CT      

Result: NS +1460
Imps: -0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 71
Vul: All
Dealer S

WEST
NORTH
S  A K 6 2
H  A J 6
D  T 7
C  A Q J 7




EAST
S  9 7 3
H  8 2
D  9 8 6 5 3
C  K 5 4



SOUTH
S  8 4
H  K 9 7 5 4 3
D  4 2
C  8 6 2
S  Q J T 5
H  Q T
D  A K Q J
C  T 9 3

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
1NTPass5NT*1Pass
6NTPassPassPass
  *1 Stronger invite to7

Lead: D8
DKD8DTD2
CTCKCAC2

Result: NS +1470
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 72
Vul: None
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 6 5 4
H  5 3
D  A 5
C  8 5 4 2




EAST
S  3 2
H  K T 8 7 6 4
D  K Q J
C  T 9



SOUTH
S  Q
H  Q J 9 2
D  9 7 3 2
C  A K 6 3
S  A K J 8 7
H  A
D  T 8 6 4
C  Q J 7

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --2D *1Pass2S *2
3S 4H 4S 5C
Dbl5H PassPass
DblPassPassPass
  *1 multi
  *2 likes hearts

Lead: C2
C7C9C2CA
HAH4H3HQ
SKS2S4SQ
D8DKDAD2
CJCTC4CK

Result: NS +100
Imps: -5

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 72
Vul: None
Dealer W

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 6 5 4
H  5 3
D  A 5
C  8 5 4 2




EAST
S  3 2
H  K T 8 7 6 4
D  K Q J
C  T 9



SOUTH
S  Q
H  Q J 9 2
D  9 7 3 2
C  A K 6 3
S  A K J 8 7
H  A
D  T 8 6 4
C  Q J 7

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --2H Pass2NT
DblRdbl3S 4H
4S PassPass5H
PassPassDblPass
PassPass  

Lead: DA
D8DJDAD2
D4DKD5D3
HAH6H3HQ
D6DQH5D7

Result: NS +300
Imps: 5

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 73
Vul:  EW
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  A K 7 5
H  A K Q 7
D  T 3
C  A 6 3




EAST
S  T 9 6 4
H  5 2
D  7 6 5 4 2
C  J 2



SOUTH
S  Q
H  J 9 4 3
D  A K J 9 8
C  Q T 5
S  J 8 3 2
H  T 8 6
D  Q
C  K 9 8 7 4

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --2NTPass
3C Pass3H Pass
3NTPass4S Pass
PassPass  

Lead: DK
DQD5D3DK
S2D7DTD8
S3S4SKSQ
H6H5HKH4
H8H2HAH3
SJS6S5D9
HTC2HQH9

Result: NS +420
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 73
Vul:  EW
Dealer N

WEST
NORTH
S  A K 7 5
H  A K Q 7
D  T 3
C  A 6 3




EAST
S  T 9 6 4
H  5 2
D  7 6 5 4 2
C  J 2



SOUTH
S  Q
H  J 9 4 3
D  A K J 9 8
C  Q T 5
S  J 8 3 2
H  T 8 6
D  Q
C  K 9 8 7 4

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --2NTPass
3C Pass3H Pass
3NTPass4S Pass
PassPass  

Lead: DA
DQD5D3DA
S2D2DTD8
S3S4SKSQ
C4CJC6C5
H6H2HAH4
C7C2CACT
H8H5HKH3
HTS6HQH9

Result: NS +420
Imps: 0

Open Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 74
Vul: All
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 6 4
H  J T 3
D  Q J 8
C  K 6 3




EAST
S  Q J 5
H  Q 9 5 4 2
D  T 7 6
C  T 8



SOUTH
S  A K 3 2
H  K 8 7
D  A K 4 2
C  5 4
S  8 7
H  A 6
D  9 5 3
C  A Q J 9 7 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
LallSchermerMilnerChambers
 --  --  --1D
2C Pass3C Dbl
Pass4H PassPass
Pass   

Lead: C3
CAC8C3C4
C7CTCKC5
S8S5S4SA
H6HQH3H7
HAH2HTH8
S7SJS6  

Result: NS -620
Imps: 0

Closed Room - VSB - 2012 USSBC SF - 06-Jun-2012

Board 74
Vul: All
Dealer E

WEST
NORTH
S  T 9 6 4
H  J T 3
D  Q J 8
C  K 6 3




EAST
S  Q J 5
H  Q 9 5 4 2
D  T 7 6
C  T 8



SOUTH
S  A K 3 2
H  K 8 7
D  A K 4 2
C  5 4
S  8 7
H  A 6
D  9 5 3
C  A Q J 9 7 2

SOUTHWESTNORTHEAST
SchwartzBerkowitzFinkelSontag
 --  --  --1C
3C PassPassDbl
Pass4H PassPass
Pass   

Lead: C3
CAC8C3C5
CJCTCKC4
S8S5S4SA
H6HQH3H7
HAH2HJH8

Result: NS -620
Imps: 0